Hallazgos radiológicos
- Toma
semanas entre el momento de la difusión y la apariencia radiográfica de
enfermedad
- Hasta
un 30% tiene una radiografía de tórax normal
- Cuando
primero visible, que miden alrededor de 1 mm de tamaño, ya que pueden
crecer hasta 2-3mm si no se tratan
La dextrocardia es una condición congénita en la que el corazón está situado en el lado derecho del cuerpo (dextroversión) con el vértice apuntando a la derecha - el corazón se ha malrotación durante la embriogénesis.
Patología
Hay dos tipos principales de dextrocardia:
- dextrocardia de detención embrionario (también conocido como aislado dextrocardia)
- en esta forma de dextrocardia, el corazón simplemente se coloca a la derecha más allá en el tórax que es normal.
- comúnmente se asocia con defectos graves del corazón y anomalías relacionadas incluyendo hipoplasia pulmonar.
- dextrocardia con situs inversus .
- situs inversus dextrocardia se refiere al corazón es una imagen especular situada en el lado derecho.
- para todos los órganos viscerales a reflejarse, el término correcto es situs inversus totalis dextrocardia.
- Aunque estadísticamente las personas con dextrocardia situs inversus no tienen ningún problema de salud de la enfermedad, algunos son propensos a una serie de problemas intestinales, esófago, bronquiales y cardíacos donde algunas de estas condiciones puede ser potencialmente mortal si no se controla.
Scoliosis occurs relatively frequently in the general population, and its frequency depends upon the magnitude of the curve being described. Scoliosis of greater than 25 degrees has been reported in about 1.5/1000 persons in the United States. Most curves can be treated nonoperatively if they are detected before they become too severe. However, 60 % of curvatures in rapidly growing prepubertal children will progress. Therefore, scoliosis screening is done in schools across America and several other countries. This screening is probably not necessary until the fifth grade. Beyond that point, boys and girls should be examined every 6 - 9 months. Generally, curvatures less than 30 degrees will not progress after the child is skeletally mature. Once this has been established, scoliosis screening and monitoring can usually be stopped. However, with greater curvatures, the curvature may progress at about 1 degree per year in adults. In this population, monitoring should be continued.
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| A large, right-sided pneumothorax has occurred from a rupture of a subpleural bleb. |
Pneumothorax, the presence of air within the pleural space, is considered to be one of the most common forms of thoracic disease. It is classified as spontaneous (not caused by trauma), traumatic, or iatrogenic (see the images below)
Spontaneous pneumothorax may be either primary (occurring in persons without clinically or radiologically apparent lung disease) or secondary (in which lung disease is present and apparent). Most individuals with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) have unrecognized lung disease; many observations suggest that spontaneous pneumothorax often results from rupture of a subpleural bleb.
Traumatic pneumothorax is caused by penetrating or blunt trauma to the chest, with air entering the pleural space directly through the chest wall, through visceral pleural penetration, or through alveolar rupture resulting from sudden compression of the chest.
Iatronic pneumothorax results from a complication of a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. With the increasing use of invasive diagnostic procedures, iatrogenic pneumothorax likely will become more common, although most cases are of little clinical significance.
Findings
Head CT with and without contrast shows a rim-enhancing right frontoparietal lesion with surrounding edema. There is no significant mass effect.
Discussion
Cysticercosis begins with ingestion of Taenia solium worm eggs from undercooked pork. Gastrointestinal absorption leads to hematogenous dissemination and any organ or tissue can be subsequently seeded.
The two forms of cysticercosis from an imaging perspective are inactive and active. Inactive disease manifests as multiple 1 cm or less parenchymal calcifications. Organisms are no longer viable at this stage.
Active disease represents the imaging manfiestations of viable and degenerating parasites and is subdivided into vesicular, colloidal, and granular stages. The vesicular stage is represented by multiple well-defined parenchymal cysts at the gray-white matter junction with a possible muralnodule.
During the colloidal stage, the cyst contentsbecome higher than CSF density. During the granular stage, the cyst begins to collapse, surrounding edema develops, and there is intense enhancement of the cyst walls.
Our case is therefore an example of a single lesion of neurocysticercosis in the granular stage.
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